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美国发明专利申请中无新颖性审查意见答复策略

专利代理 咨询电话 18210958705 QQ 2101183472 发布时间:2021-03-31 23:12:49


        2013年3月16日之后,美国结束了自1790年首次制定专利法以来所奉行的“先发明制”,而改为“发明人先申请制”,调整了现有技术、宽限期、先用权、最佳实施例等制度,重新设计了一些其他程序和制度,美国专利法第102条的修改也影响了对专利新颖性的评价。以下介绍影响因素及针对无新颖性审查意见通知书的答复策略。

        一、影响因素

现有技术
法条 主题 时间 空间 情形 结论
35 U.S.C. 102 (a) (1) 主张权利之发明创造(包括发明和外观设计) 在有效申请日之前 全世界 已获得专利,或者 则不得授予专利权
已在出版物种有描述,或者
已公开使用,或者
已销售
以其他方式,为公众所知
抵触申请
法条 主题 主体 时间 情形 结论
35 U.S.C. 102 (a) (2) 主张权利之发明 由他人 在申请日之前 已有效提出了申请,且该申请在已授权的专利中,或者在已公开或者被视为公开的专利申请中已有描述 则不得授予专利权
宽限期
法条 主题 主体 时间 情形 结论
35 U.S.C. 102 (b) (1) 主张权利之发明 发明人自己,或者合作发明人,或者因发明人的披露而获知了该发明的他人 在有效申请之日前1年或1年以内 做出的任何形式的披露 不属于现有技术
 
        除法条中宽限期规定的情况外,任何属于现有技术或者抵触申请的内容都会影响专利新颖性,没有新颖性的专利不能获得授权。
 
 

        二、美国专利法新颖性要求

        35 USC 102
        (a) NOVELTY; PRIOR ART
        A person shall be entitled to a patent unless—
        (1) the claimed invention was patented, described in a printed publication, or in public use, on sale, or otherwise available to the public before the effective filing date of the claimed invention; (在该发明的有效申请日之前已经授权,被公开出版物公开,被公开使用、销售或者以其他方式为公众所知) 
        (2) the claimed invention was described in a patent issued under section 151, or in an application for patent published or deemed published under section122(b), in which the patent or application, as the case maybe, names another inventor and was effectively filed before the effective filing date of the claimed invention.(该发明已经被依据151条授权的专利公开,或者被依据122(b)款公开或视为依据122(b)款公开的专利申请公开,其中,上述专利或者专利申请name another inventor并且其有效的申请日早于所声明发明的有效申请日)
 

        (b) EXCEPTIONS
          (1) DISCLOSURES MADE 1 YEAR OR LESS BEFORE THE EFFECTIVE FILINGDATE OF THE CLAIMED INVENTION.—A disclosure made 1 year or less before the effective filing date of a claimed invention shall not be prior art to the claimed invention under subsection (a) (1)  if—在有效申请日前一年之内的公开,将不作为条款(a) (1)所称的现有技术,如果——
            (A) the disclosure was made by the inventor or joint inventor or by another who obtained the subject matter disclosed directly or indirectly from the inventor or a joint inventor; (这个公开是由其发明人或者共同发明人做出的;或者由他人做出,但是所公开的主题是直接或者间接从其发明人或者共同发明人处获知的)
            (B) the subject matter disclosed had, before such disclosure, been publicly disclosed by the inventor or a joint inventor or another who obtained the subject matter disclosed directly or indirectly from the inventor or a joint inventor.(在本次公开之前,该公开的主题已经被其发明人或共同发明人或直接或者间接从其发明人或者共同发明人处获知该主题的他人公开)
          (2) DISCLOSURES APPEARING IN APPLICATIONS AND PATENTS.—A disclosure shall not be prior art to a claimed invention under subsection (a)(2) if— 一种公开将不视为条款(a)(2)所称的现有技术,如果
            (A) the subject matter disclosed was obtained directly or indirectly from the inventor or a joint inventor;所公开的主题是直接或者间接从发明人或者共同发明人出得到的;
            (B) the subject matter disclosed had, before such subject matter was effectively filed under subsection(a)(2), been publicly disclosed by the inventor or a joint inventor or another who obtained the subject matter disclosed directly or indirectly from the inventor or a joint inventor; or在该主题依照条款(a)(2)所称的有效递交之前,已经被其发明人或共同发明人或直接或者间接从其发明人或者共同发明人处获知该主题的他人公开
            (C) the subject matter disclosed and the claimed invention, not later than the effective filing date of the claimed invention, were owned by the same person or subject to an obligation of assignment to the same person.在该发明的有效申请日之前,该发明与所公开的主题被同一个人拥有或者转让给同一个人。
 

        (c) COMMON OWNERSHIP UNDER JOINT RESEARCH AGREEMENTS根据共同开发协议约定的共有权利
        Subject matter disclosed and a claimed invention shall be deemed to have been owned by the same person or subject to an obligation of assignment to the same person in applying the provisions of subsection (b)(2)(C) if—在应用款(b)(2)(C)时被公开的主题与该发明应该被视为被同一人拥有或者被转让给同一个人,如果……
          (1) the subject matter disclosed was developed and the claimed invention was made by, or on behalf of, 1 or more parties to a joint research agreement that was in effect on or before the effective filing date of the claimed invention;所公开的主题以及该发明是由(或者代表)共同开发协议中的一方或多方作出的,且该共同开发协议是在该发明的有效申请日当天或者之前就生效的;
          (2) the claimed invention was made as a result of activities undertaken within the scope of the joint research agreement; and该发明是执行该共同开发协议范围内行为的产物;并且
          (3) the application for patent for the claimed invention discloses or is amended to disclose the names of the parties to the joint research agreement.该发明的专利申请公开了或者修改为公开了共同开发协议的parties
 

        (d) PATENTS AND PUBLISHED APPLICATIONS EFFECTIVE AS PRIOR ART可以作为现有技术的专利以及公开申请
        For purposes of determining whether a patent or application for patent is prior art to a claimed invention under subsection (a)(2),such patent or application shall be considered to have been effectively filed, with respect to any subject matter described in the patent or application— 为了确定一个专利或专利申请是否能够成为款(a)(2)中所述的一个发明的现有技术,则该专利或者申请应该被视为有效递交
          (1) if paragraph(2) does not apply, as of the actual filing date of the patent or the application for patent; or如果不应用(2),在该专利或者申请的实际递交日;
          (2) if the patent or application for patent is entitled to claim a right of priority under section 119,365(a), or 365(b), or to claim the benefit of an earlier filing date under section 120, 121, or 365(c), based upon 1 or more prior filed applications for patent, as of the filing date of the earliest such application that describes the subject matter.如果该专利或者申请依据119,365(a)or 365(b)要求了在先一个或多个申请的优先权,或者依据120,121 or 365(c)要求了在先一个或多个申请的申请日,在公开上述主题的专利申请的申请日。
 

        三、答复策略
        对于一篇文件公开了权利要求的所有技术特征,导致无新颖性的审查意见通知书,答复策略如下:
        申请人可以通过特征对比分析,说明对比文件并没有公开本申请权利要求的全部技术特征。
        若审查意见中仅评述了权利要求的新颖性,则仅需要答复该权利要求具备新颖性即可,而不需要答复该权利要求还具备创造性(这点与国内不同)。
        因美国有严格的禁止反悔原则,这样做可以避免对发明产生不必要的限制。



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